Catalog
| Issuer | England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1042-1044 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | 1 Penny |
| Currency | Penny (924-1158) |
| Composition | Silver |
| Weight | 0.91 g |
| Diameter | 19 mm |
| Thickness | |
| Shape | Round (irregular) |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | Sp#1172, North#814 |
| Obverse description | Diademed bust left, quatrefoil-tipped scepter before, royal title around. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering |
+EDǷNRD REC+ (Translation: King Edward) |
| Reverse description | Voided short cross, pellet-in-annulet in centre, PACX in angles, moneyer/mint name around. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering |
ǷYLFGAR: ON LVNDEN CΛPX (Translation: Wulfgar in London Peace) |
| Edge | |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
ND (1042-1044) - - |
| Numisquare ID | 7764488080 |
| Additional information |
Historical Context: This Penny, the 'Pacx' type (Sp#1172, North#814), dates from 1042-1044, marking the nascent reign of Edward the Confessor. Following years of Danish rule, Edward's return from Norman exile and subsequent coronation signified the restoration of the native Anglo-Saxon dynasty. The 'Pacx' legend, meaning peace, powerfully articulated his aspiration for stability and legitimate rule, establishing his authority across England and setting a tone for his early years on the throne.
Artistry: Struck at various mints by numerous moneyers, this type exemplifies the Anglo-Saxon numismatic style of the mid-11th century. While individual engravers are not typically identifiable, the dies exhibit a characteristic, somewhat stylised portraiture. The obverse features a diademed and draped bust of Edward, often facing left. The reverse displays a short cross voided, with the letters P A C X in the four angles, a direct and potent political message.
Technical/Grading: Weighing 0.91 grams and measuring 19 mm, this silver penny often presents with the typical striking irregularities of the period, including irregular flans, minor off-centring, and occasional double striking. Key high-points for grading include the top of the bust, the diadem, and the folds of the drapery on the obverse. On the reverse, the central cross and the clarity of the 'PACX' legend are crucial for assessing strike quality and wear.