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Penny - Civil War Southern Variants
| Issuer | England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1138-1153 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Penny |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | Log in to see details |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering | + STIEFNE (Translation: Stephen) |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
The pennies struck during Stephen's reign represent one of the most chaotic episodes in English monetary history. The civil war between Stephen and Empress Matilda — the period known as the Anarchy — saw royal minting authority collapse almost entirely, with local barons, bishops, and military commanders issuing coins on their own authority across the south and west of England. These "Southern Variants" are products of that breakdown, struck from dies of wildly inconsistent quality at mints operating outside effective crown control.
North 887 covers a typologically messy group, and attribution of individual pieces to specific mints or die-cutters remains contested among specialists.