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Penny - Civil War Cross Moline / Defaced
| Issuer | England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1138-1145 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Diademed and crowned royal effigy in right-facing bust, holding a sceptre in the right hand. The bust is rendered in the angular, stylised manner characteristic of Angevin-period hammered coinage. A deliberately applied thin long cross, extending from the centre of the coin to the outer edge, defaces the obverse — a practice associated with the monetary instability of the Anarchy period. The surrounding field retains traces of a beaded inner border. |
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| Reverse description | A boldly struck cross moline occupies the full reverse field, its four arms terminating in elegant bifurcated curls characteristic of the moline form. A fleur-de-lis ornament is placed in each of the four angles formed by the cross arms, lending the composition a refined heraldic quality. The design is enclosed within a beaded inner border, beyond which the moneyer's legend is inscribed. The overall style is consistent with the irregular, hand-struck technique of the Anarchy-period penny. |
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| Mint | Norwich |
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