Penny - Æthelred I Lunettes type

Historical Context: This silver penny, of the distinctive Lunettes type, was issued by Æthelred I, King of Wessex (865-871). This era was one of profound crisis for Anglo-Saxon England, marked by relentless Viking invasions. Æthelred, fighting alongside his younger brother Alfred, played a pivotal role in defending the kingdom. This coinage asserts royal authority and economic stability amidst existential threats, preceding Alfred the Great's monetary reforms.

Artistry: The artistry of this Lunettes type penny is characteristic of 9th-century Anglo-Saxon numismatic tradition. Engravers remain anonymous, but the style reflects prevailing local schools, blending simplified classical elements with indigenous Germanic aesthetics. The obverse typically features a draped bust of King Æthelred, usually facing right, with a basic diadem and royal titulature. The reverse displays a prominent central cross flanked by four crescentic "lunette" shapes, often with pellets, forming a distinctive design.

Technical/Grading: As with many Anglo-Saxon issues, the technical strike quality of Æthelred I's Lunettes pennies varies. High-points for wear are typically the king's nose, forehead, and drapery on the obverse; on the reverse, the central cross and raised edges of the lunettes. Planchets were hand-prepared, often leading to irregular flans, off-center strikes, or areas of weakness. Silver purity was generally high. Careful examination reveals details of hand-engraved dies and inherent challenges of early medieval minting practices.