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Penny - Æthelred I 4-line type
| Issuer | Kingdom of Wessex |
|---|---|
| Year | 865-871 |
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| Value | 1 Penny (1⁄240) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Draped bust of King Æthelred I facing right in the compact, angular style characteristic of mid-ninth-century West Saxon die engraving, the effigy breaking through an inner beaded circle in a manner diagnostic of this issue. The king's portrait is rendered with simplified, stylised facial features and a schematic treatment of the drapery at the shoulder. A circumferential legend, separated from the bust by the inner circle, reads +EÐELRED REX, identifying the sovereign. The field between the inner and outer beaded borders accommodates the retrograde inscription within the typical die layout of the period. The overall engraving reflects the bold, controlled craftsmanship associated with the royal moneyers of Æthelred I's Wessex. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse presents the Four-Line type layout, in which the moneyer's name and subscription formula TORHTMVND MONETA are distributed across four horizontal registers within the central field, a configuration that gives this penny series its typological designation. The lines read A / TORHTM / VNDMON / ETA, forming the complete moneyer's inscription. Pellet-trefoils occupy the upper and lower field spaces as decorative fillers, a convention consistently employed on this type. Bold, blocky letterforms fill each register, reflecting the robust epigraphic conventions of late Anglo-Saxon penny production. The entire design is contained within a beaded outer border. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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