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Penning - Conrad of Swabia Deventer
| Issuer | Bishopric of Utrecht |
|---|---|
| Year | 1076-1099 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Groot (1024-1528) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | ✠ PI CONRADIVS (Translation: Bishop Conrad) |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
Conrad of Swabia served as Bishop of Utrecht from 1076 until his death in 1099, a tenure defined almost entirely by the Investiture Controversy. He was a committed imperialist who sided with Henry IV against Gregory VII, and Utrecht's mint operated under that political alignment throughout. The Deventer mint, one of several episcopal minting rights Utrecht held east of the IJssel, produced these lightweight pennies for regional exchange in the lower Rhine and Overijssel trade networks.
The Ilisch reference places this firmly within a documented die sequence for the type.