Penning - Bernold Groningen

Descrizione del dritto	Central field depicts a stylized frontal figure, likely a bishop or ecclesiastical personage, rendered in a highly schematic Ottonian manner characteristic of early medieval hammered coinage. The figure is enclosed within a beaded inner circle. The surrounding legend reads + ERNOLDVS, referencing Bishop Bernold of Utrecht, separated by a pellet or cross motif. The die work is crude but consistent with workshop practice of the mid-eleventh century.
Scrittura del dritto	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Legenda del dritto	+ ERNOLDVS
Descrizione del rovescio	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Scrittura del rovescio	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Legenda del rovescio	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Bordo	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Zecca	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Tiratura	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Informazioni aggiuntive	Bernold served as Bishop of Utrecht from 1027 until his death in 1054, a tenure during which the bishopric functioned as a key instrument of Salian imperial policy in the northern Low Countries. Henry III relied heavily on bishop-princes like Bernold to anchor imperial authority in regions where direct royal presence was thin. The Groningen mint itself operated under episcopal control as a right granted by the crown, making these small deniers a direct expression of that delegated power.