Catalog
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| Issuer | France |
|---|---|
| Year | 1591-1592 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central field features two fleurs-de-lis arranged vertically, with a prominent letter 'P' below denoting the mint mark or denomination indicator. The surrounding circular legend reads CAROLVS X D G FR followed by the date 1591, struck in Latin script. The flan is irregular and slightly ragged at the edges, characteristic of hammered billon coinage of the period. The design is typical of the League coinage struck in the name of Charles X during the French Wars of Religion. |
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| Obverse lettering | CAROLVS X D G FR 1591 P |
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| Additional information |
Charles X was the Catholic League's answer to Henri of Navarre — a cardinal, never crowned in any meaningful military sense, and king in name only over the shrinking territory his faction still controlled. This patac belongs to his Provence issues, struck during the brutal civil war phase of the Wars of Religion when the League held parts of the south while Henri IV was consolidating power in the north. Charles died in 1590, meaning coins struck under his name in 1591–1592 were issued by a dead king's authority — a legal fiction the League maintained to deny Henri's legitimacy.