Oord `Statenoord / 1/4 Statenstuiver` - Philip II DOMINVS

Zeeland's copper oord issues of the early 1580s belong to a period of acute administrative fragmentation, produced as the Union of Utrecht provinces struggled to maintain functional coinage while simultaneously fighting Spain. Philip II's name still appeared on these pieces because the States had not yet formally renounced his sovereignty — that came with the Act of Abjuration in July 1581, making coins struck after that date an awkward numismatic artifact: Spanish king named, Spanish authority rejected.

The overlap between HPM and HNK cataloguing for this type reflects genuine attribution disputes that persist among specialists today.