Obol - Napad

Persis — the region centered on modern Fars province in Iran — maintained a remarkable degree of autonomy under Parthian overlordship, with its dynastic rulers issuing their own coinage long after Achaemenid power had collapsed. The Napad series falls late in this tradition, attributed to a ruler whose exact sequence within the Persid dynastic succession remains contested among specialists. Alram's cataloguing brought some order to an attribution problem that had frustrated scholars for decades, though the chronology of the late Persid kings continues to shift with new hoards.