Obol Bull

Emporion — modern Empúries on the Costa Brava — was a Greek colony founded by Phocaean merchants from Massalia, and its coinage served a trading economy straddling Iberian, Celtic, and Greek commercial networks. These fractional silver pieces circulated alongside indigenous Iberian imitations, many of which copied Emporitan types so closely that attribution still provokes disagreement among specialists. The Heiss reference dates to 1870, and subsequent scholarship has refined the typological sequence considerably.