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Obol Bull
| Issuer | Emporion |
|---|---|
| Year | 450 BC - 350 BC |
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| Composition | Silver |
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| Obverse description | Draped bust of Ceres (Demeter) facing left, rendered in archaic Greek style with richly detailed wavy hair adorned with a wreath of grain ears and circular ornaments, the tresses falling in voluminous locks behind the neck. The facial features are modelled in low relief with almond-shaped eye and a subtly incised chin. The overall style reflects the Phocaean artistic tradition of the Emporion mint, consistent with late 5th to mid-4th century BC coinage. |
|---|---|
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| Mint | Emporion (modern Empúries, Catalonia, Spain) |
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| Additional information |
Emporion — modern Empúries on the Costa Brava — was a Greek colony founded by Phocaean merchants from Massalia, and its coinage served a trading economy straddling Iberian, Celtic, and Greek commercial networks. These fractional silver pieces circulated alongside indigenous Iberian imitations, many of which copied Emporitan types so closely that attribution still provokes disagreement among specialists. The Heiss reference dates to 1870, and subsequent scholarship has refined the typological sequence considerably.