Nomos - Xenokrates

Historical Context: This silver nomos, issued by Tarentum between 240 and 228 BC, marks a critical period for the leading Greek polis in Magna Graecia. Tarentum navigated increasing Roman hegemony following the First Punic War, its independence gradually waning despite continued economic vitality. The name Xenokrates likely denotes a prominent monetary magistrate responsible for this issue, reflecting internal administration amidst external pressures. This coin serves as a tangible record of Tarentum's final decades as a sovereign Greek power in southern Italy.

Artistry: The artistic execution of this nomos exemplifies the sophisticated Hellenistic style of Tarentine mints. Xenokrates is widely interpreted as an engraver's signature, indicating a master craftsman. Tarentine coinage is renowned for dynamic compositions and detailed rendering of the ubiquitous horseman and Taras-on-dolphin motifs. The obverse typically features Taras, the city's mythical founder, astride a dolphin, often holding attributes. The reverse commonly depicts a Tarentine warrior on horseback, showcasing the city's equestrian tradition and military prowess.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver, this nomos weighs 6.54 grams and measures 20.0 millimeters, consistent with the didrachm standard. Key high-points for wear and strike quality include Taras's head and torso, the dolphin's head, and the horse's head and rider's upper body. A premium example exhibits a full, centered strike, preserving intricate details of the high-relief design. Minor flan imperfections, off-centering, or light striking are not uncommon due to the manual minting process. Surface quality and luster are also crucial grading considerations.