Muraiola of 2 Bolognini - Clement XI Bust right

Clement XI spent much of his pontificate navigating the War of the Spanish Succession, during which Bologna — as a Papal States city nominally neutral — nonetheless faced economic disruption severe enough to force repeated adjustments to small billon coinage. The muraiola denomination itself was a workhorse of local commerce, too humble to attract reformers' attention and too necessary to eliminate.

The spread of reference numbers across Berman and Chimienti reflects genuine die variation across a twenty-one year pontificate, not cataloger disagreement. At least six distinct Chimienti varieties are recorded for this type alone.