Muraiola of 2 Baiocchi - Clement XI Pastoral along body

Historical Context: This Muraiola of 2 Baiocchi was issued in Ferrara, a Papal States city, during the pontificate of Clement XI (Giovanni Francesco Albani, 1700-1721). Minted between 1710 and 1711, it reflects the economic realities of the early 18th century, a period marked by the War of the Spanish Succession, which challenged Papal neutrality. Clement XI was a learned and reform-minded Pope. This billon coinage was essential for daily commerce in the Papal territories.

Artistry: The design of this Muraiola is characteristic of late Baroque numismatic art prevalent in the Papal States. While the specific engraver for this Ferrara issue is not recorded, the style reflects the prevailing aesthetic, emphasizing dignity and ecclesiastical authority. The obverse typically features a bust of Clement XI, likely depicted with a pastoral staff or in pontifical vestments, hence "Pastoral along body." The reverse would usually bear a Papal or civic emblem, perhaps the Albani family coat of arms or a local saint, executed with Baroque dynamism.

Technical/Grading: Struck in billon, a low-grade silver alloy, this 19mm Muraiola weighs 2.02 grams. For grading, critical high-points to examine for wear include the highest relief areas of the Pope's portrait—such as hair, nose, and prominent vestment folds. On the reverse, details of any armorial bearings or figures would show wear first. Due to billon's nature and production methods for small circulating coinage, strikes can often be less precise, exhibiting weakness in central areas, minor planchet irregularities, or occasional off-centerness, common for issues of this type and era.