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Massa - Raja Raja Chola I
| Issuer | Chola dynasty |
|---|---|
| Year | 985 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Massa |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | Log in to see details |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Tamil/Grantha |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Plain |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
Raja Raja Chola I, who came to power in 985 CE, built the Chola empire into the dominant force across South Asia and into Southeast Asia over a reign of nearly three decades. His copper massa coinage circulated through a trade network that stretched from the Malabar coast to Sri Lanka, which he conquered militarily around 993 CE, and eventually into the Maldives and parts of the Malay Peninsula.
Mitchiner's Eastern and Arabian catalogue reference EA#738 places this issue within a broader classificatory framework, though attribution of individual Chola copper types remains contested among specialists due to overlapping dynasties using similar iconographic conventions.