Manghir - Murad III

Murad III's reign saw one of the Ottoman Empire's earliest and most disruptive currency crises. The 1580s brought a flood of debased European silver — particularly Spanish reales — into Levantine trade networks, forcing the Porte to repeatedly devalue the akçe. Copper manghirs absorbed much of the small-change demand that silver could no longer reliably serve, driving production volumes that have left these pieces surprisingly accessible today despite their age.

Pere #493 places this squarely in the mid-993 AH emissions. Many survivors show significant flan irregularity, a persistent feature of Ottoman copper production at this period rather than evidence of unusual wear.