Bayezid I came to power immediately after the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 — reportedly having his brother Yakub strangled in the field that same day to eliminate a rival claimant, establishing fratricide as de facto Ottoman succession policy for generations. His reign ended not by death in battle but by capture at Ankara in 1402, where Timur's forces routed the Ottoman army and Bayezid died in captivity shortly after. Copper manghirs of this period circulated at the lowest rung of the Ottoman monetary hierarchy, used for small market transactions at a time when the empire was simultaneously expanding into the Balkans and consolidating Anatolian territory.
Bayezid I came to power immediately after the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 — reportedly having his brother Yakub strangled in the field that same day to eliminate a rival claimant, establishing fratricide as de facto Ottoman succession policy for generations. His reign ended not by death in battle but by capture at Ankara in 1402, where Timur's forces routed the Ottoman army and Bayezid died in captivity shortly after. Copper manghirs of this period circulated at the lowest rung of the Ottoman monetary hierarchy, used for small market transactions at a time when the empire was simultaneously expanding into the Balkans and consolidating Anatolian territory.