Maille - Philip I of Alsace Ieper mint

Philip of Alsace inherited Flanders in 1168 and aggressively expanded comital authority over urban minting, bringing Ieper — then a rising cloth-trade center — under tighter fiscal control. The maille, struck at half the weight of a denier, was the workhorse of small transactions in the Flemish market economy, and Philip's prolific output across multiple mints reflects the commercial intensity of his rule rather than any ceremonial ambition.