Maille - Johanna of Constantinople

Johanna inherited Hainaut and Flanders as a teenager following her father Baldwin IX's capture during the Fourth Crusade — he died in Bulgarian captivity around 1205, leaving two young daughters to govern strategically vital counties through decades of Capetian pressure and feudal maneuvering. Her reign of nearly forty years was defined by that precarious position between France and the Empire.

The maille, struck at roughly half a denier's weight, was the workhorse of small transactions in the southern Low Countries market economy.