Large Agnel 'Mouton d'Or' - John of Arkel

John of Arkel held the see of Liège from 1364 until his death in 1378, a tenure marked by persistent fiscal strain and his reliance on the wealthy chapter for political support. The mouton d'or type he struck in 1368–69 closely follows the French royal agnel introduced by Louis X in 1315 — a deliberate imitation strategy common among the ecclesiastical princes of the Low Countries, who leveraged the prestige of French monetary prototypes to ease acceptance of their own coinage in regional trade circuits.

Liège's gold output in this period was modest, and issues under Arkel are correspondingly scarce. Dengis 566 records only a handful of die combinations.