Kopeck - Mikhail I о М

Mikhail Fyodorovich, first of the Romanovs, inherited a monetary system left in ruins by the Time of Troubles. These wire-cut kopecks — hammered from drawn silver wire, snipped, and struck between hand-cut dies — were the workhorse of a recovering economy still rebuilding trade networks shattered by a decade of civil war, famine, and foreign occupation. The "о М" mint mark denotes Moscow.

Die alignment and flan shape vary wildly across the type, a predictable consequence of the production method rather than any quality lapse specific to this reign.