Kopeck - Mikhail I К-Ч OC/MK

Mikhail Fyodorovich, first of the Romanov tsars, inherited a monetary system ravaged by the Time of Troubles — decades of civil war, foreign occupation, and Muscovite treasury collapse that had left coin production fragmented across improvised mints. The wire-money kopecks of his reign were struck at multiple facilities simultaneously, with mint identification achieved through abbreviated Cyrillic letter combinations punched into the dies. The К-Ч and OC/MK designators on this type have been the subject of considerable scholarly debate, with GKH2 revising earlier Grishin-Khokhlov attributions as new die studies clarified which letter pairs belonged to which production centers.