Kopeck - Ivan IV Velikiy Novgorod, К-ВА

Wire money of Ivan IV circulated under a system where coins were cut from drawn silver wire and hammered between dies — each piece irregular by design, the shape determined by the wire blank rather than any attempt at uniformity. The Novgorod mint was among the most productive under Ivan, and the К-ВА control mark places this piece within a documented sequence used to track output and accountability across the sprawling Muscovite minting operation.

Ivan's monetary reforms of 1535, initiated under his mother Elena Glinskaya as regent, had standardized the kopeck as the backbone of Russian coinage decades before this piece was struck. These late-reign Novgorod issues postdate the Oprichnina's establishment in 1565 — a period of state terror that convulsed the city Ivan would later sack in 1570, massacring thousands of its inhabitants.