Kopeck - Ivan IV Velikiy Novgorod, К-МНХ

Ivan IV — Ivan the Terrible — standardized Russian coinage through a series of monetary reforms begun in the 1530s under his mother's regency, but it was during his own reign that the wire-money kopeck became the dominant denomination of Muscovite commerce. The Novgorod mint, one of the principal striking facilities of the period, produced these diminutive pieces by cutting silver wire into weighted slugs and hammering them between dies — a method that guaranteed irregular flans and near-total unpredictability of die centering.

The К-МНХ mintmark combination places this piece within a specific administrative sequence that numismatists have used to construct relative chronologies for Ivan's reign. Novgorod's mint was seized under direct Muscovite control after Ivan's brutal 1570 sack of the city.