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Kopeck - Ivan IV Velikiy Novgorod, Я-ДМ
| Issuer | Tsardom of Russia |
|---|---|
| Year | 1547-1584 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Cyrillic |
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| Reverse description | The reverse bears a four-line Cyrillic legend occupying the entire field, reading the titles of the sovereign in the traditional formulaic style of Muscovite coinage. The inscription is arranged horizontally across the flan and reads 'Tsar and Grand Prince Ivan of all Rus', rendered in archaic Church Slavonic lettering with characteristic ligatures and abbreviations. Above the inscription, a decorative linear border or arch element is visible. The lettering is struck in bold relief with the slightly irregular alignment inherent to hand-hammered wire coinage. The flan edges are ragged and uneven, consistent with the production method of cutting planchets from silver wire. |
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| Additional information |
Ivan IV — Ivan the Terrible — standardized the kopeck during his reign as part of the monetary reform that had begun under his mother Elena Glinskaya in 1535, which established a unified coinage system across the fragmented Russian principalities. Novgorod remained one of the primary minting centers throughout his reign, its output distinguishable by mint marks that specialists use to sequence production across decades of an exceptionally long rule.
The Я-ДМ control marks on this piece link it to a specific moneyer designation within the Novgorod workshop. Wire money of this type was produced by cutting slugs from drawn silver rod and hammering between dies — a technique that virtually guaranteed irregular flans.