Karshapana - Achyuta

The Panchala kingdom, centered in the upper Gangetic plain (roughly modern Uttar Pradesh), issued punch-marked and cast copper coinage across several dynastic phases. Achyuta is among the later Panchala rulers, active during the post-Kushan fragmentation when regional kingdoms reasserted control over their own mint output — a consequence of the Kushan empire's gradual collapse under Sasanian and Kidarite pressure through the third century. These small coppers circulated in local markets where silver was scarce and trade was increasingly regional in scale.