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| 背面描述 | The reverse bears a multi-line Arabic inscription filling the entire field, rendered in a bold Kufic-derived script arranged in three or four horizontal registers. The legend reads 'al-Sultan al-A'zam Taj al-Dawla Khusrau Malik', constituting the full royal titulature of the last Ghaznavid ruler. The lettering is deeply struck but shows areas of weakness due to the irregular flan and the typical inconsistency of hammered production. A simple linear border may be discerned in places around the periphery. The overall epigraphic style reflects the late Ghaznavid numismatic tradition in which the reverse is exclusively devoted to the sovereign's honorific titles in Arabic. |
| 背面文字 | Arabic |
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| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
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| 附加信息 |
Khusrau Malik was the last Ghaznavid sultan, ruling an empire that had been reduced to little more than the Punjab by the time these jitals were struck. The dynasty that once controlled Khorasan, eastern Iran, and northern India had been progressively dismembered — first by the Seljuqs, then by the Ghurids. His capture by Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad of Ghor in 1186 ended the Ghaznavid line entirely, making this issue among the final coinage of a dynasty that had lasted nearly two and a half centuries from its peak under Mahmud.