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Jital - Jalal ad-Din Mangubarni
| Issuer | Khwarazmian Empire (Khwarazmian dynasties) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1220-1231 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Jital (1077-1231) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | جلال الدين منكبرني |
| Reverse description | Hammered reverse displaying a multi-line Arabic legend arranged within a central oval or cartouche-like frame, surrounded by a prominent border of raised pellets or annulets encircling the field. The inscription, rendered in an angular Kufic-derived script, presents the Islamic profession of faith (Shahada) or additional honorific titles, consistent with standard Khwarazmian jital typology. The pellet border, clearly visible along the upper periphery, is a diagnostic feature of this series. The flan is notably irregular with one area of the edge chipped or broken away, reflecting the rough production methods of the period. |
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| Additional information |
Jalal ad-Din Mangubarni never had a stable mint. After the Mongol destruction of the Khwarazmian heartland beginning in 1220, he spent his entire reign as shah fighting a rearguard campaign across Persia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia — a ruler in perpetual flight issuing coinage wherever he briefly held ground. These jitals were struck not from an established imperial mint but from whatever production capacity he could commandeer in conquered or temporarily held cities. He was killed in 1231, reportedly by a Kurdish peasant who recognized him while he hid alone in the mountains after his final defeat by Mongol forces under Chormaqan.