Hemistater

Pre-Alexandrian Bactrian gold is among the least documented coinage in the ancient world. The region operated as an Achaemenid satrapy during this period, yet local minting activity — when it occurred at all — was largely independent of Persian imperial production at Sardis or Susa. Attribution remains unresolved; no single city has been confirmed as the source, and the "uncertain" designation reflects genuine scholarly disagreement rather than incomplete cataloging.

Fewer than a handful of die-linked specimens are known across major collections.