Heller - Henry IX Freystadt/Kożuchów

Henry IX of Glogau governed a duchy already fractured by Piast succession disputes and the lingering economic disruption of the Hussite wars, which had repeatedly devastated Silesian trade routes through the 1420s and 1430s. The heller denomination itself was the lowest practical silver unit in circulation — a coin whose entire purpose was change-making in local markets rather than any larger commercial transaction. Freystadt, now Kożuchów, was a modest cloth-trading town, and ducal minting rights exercised there reflect the fragmented nature of Silesian monetary authority in this period, where individual towns and their lords struck independently of any coordinated regional standard.