Grueso - Carlos II

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背面描述	Central field displays a large plain cross pattée enclosed within an inner beaded circle, with a wreath or crown-like decorative element surmounting the cross at the top. Between the beaded circle and the outer marginal legend, a secondary annular band contains additional Gothic lettering. The outer legend, running around the full circumference, bears the lengthy Latin inscription referencing Psalm 118:6. The overall design follows the standard Gothic groat format typical of 14th-century Navarrese coinage.
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背面铭文	KAROLVS DEI GRA DNS M AIVTOR N TIMEBO PEAC MIHI HOMO (Translation: Charles II by the grace of God `The Lord is my helper, I will not fear what man can do unto me.` (Psalm 118,6))
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附加信息	Carlos II — "Carlos el Malo" to his contemporaries — ruled Navarre through nearly four decades of relentless political maneuvering, shifting alliances between France and England during the Hundred Years' War as personal advantage dictated. His claim to the French throne through his mother, Jeanne II, made him a persistent destabilizing force in mid-14th century European dynastic politics. The grueso belongs to a coinage reformed under his reign as Navarre struggled to maintain fiscal independence between two predatory crowns.

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