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Grosz koronny - Stanisław August Poniatowski Warszawa mint

Issuer Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Year 1764-1795
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Shape Round
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Obverse script Latin
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Reverse description Central crowned oval shield bearing the Polish eagle and Lithuanian Pahonia arranged in quartered heraldic composition, surrounded by a further ornamental frame. The royal cypher 'SAP' (Stanislaus Augustus Rex Poloniae) appears within or adjacent to the shield. A circular Latin legend surrounds the design reading REX POL M D L and 1 GROSUS HZ, denoting the denomination and royal titles, all within a beaded border.
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Additional information

Poniatowski's copper grosz was issued under a reign defined almost entirely by external interference. Elected king in 1764 through Russian manipulation — Catherine II effectively handpicked him — Poniatowski spent three decades watching the Commonwealth partitioned out of existence by Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and finally 1795. The Warsaw mint continued striking copper coinage through each partition, an administrative inertia that makes precise dating within the series consequential for collectors.

Koperski 2177 encompasses significant die variation across the thirty-one year span. The final issues of 1795 were struck in a state that had already ceased to exist politically before the year was out.

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