Grosso - Philip I of Savoy

Historical Context: This Grosso was issued by Philip I of Savoy, Prince of Achaea (1301-1307). His rule was within Achaea, a key Frankish Crusader state in Greece post-Fourth Crusade. Philip, from a powerful European house, struggled to consolidate authority against local barons and external powers. This silver coinage, a primary denomination, was crucial for asserting his sovereignty and facilitating commerce in a turbulent region.

Artistry: The design (MIR#7, Biaggi#6) is typical of early 14th-century Crusader coinage, showing a medieval, functional aesthetic. The anonymous engraver emphasized clear, stylized iconography. The obverse typically portrays Philip I standing facing, holding a sword and globus cruciger, symbolizing princely authority. The reverse commonly features a prominent cross potent, often with stars or rosettes in the angles, encircled by Latin legends. This execution reflects practical demands of minting in the Latin East.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver (2.11 grams, 20 mm), this Grosso often shows variations from manual production. High-points prone to wear include the Prince's head, sword, and globus cruciger (obverse); and the cross's center and arm terminals (reverse). Strike quality varies, with partial or off-center strikes common. Legends may be weak, especially near the rim. Flan irregularity and die wear are common, reflecting period minting practices.