Grosso - John XXII

Historical Context: The Grosso of John XXII, struck in Macerata between 1316 and 1334, represents a crucial period during the Avignon Papacy. John XXII, born Jacques Duèze, reigned from Avignon, asserting the temporal authority of the Papacy across its Italian territories, including the Marches of Ancona where Macerata was a significant center. This coinage served not only as a medium of exchange but also as a tangible declaration of papal sovereignty in a politically fragmented Italy, where local lords often challenged central authority.

Artistry: The design of this Grosso is characteristic of early 14th-century Italian numismatic art, reflecting the late Gothic stylistic school. While the engraver remains anonymous, typical for the period, the execution often shows a blend of functional clarity and stylized religious iconography. Common designs feature a prominent cross on the reverse, often surrounded by the mint city's name, while the obverse typically displays the papal tiara and crossed keys, or a depiction of a saint, alongside the pontiff's name or title. The overall aesthetic is robust, prioritizing legibility over intricate detail.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a silver flan weighing 2.18 grams and measuring 22 millimeters, the technical qualities of this Grosso are typical for its era. High-points susceptible to wear include the central elements of the cross, the keys, and the tiara. Strikes often exhibit variability, ranging from well-centered to slightly off-flan, with potential for minor planchet imperfections such as lamination or irregular shape. A well-preserved example would show sharp legends and clear definition of the central devices, indicative of a strong strike from fresh dies.