Groschen with lily - Edward III

Edward III's claim to Aquitaine was perpetually contested — he held the duchy as a vassal of the French crown, a humiliation that directly fueled the Hundred Years' War already underway by this date. Coinage issued from Aquitaine in 1349 falls in the immediate shadow of the Black Death, which reached Bordeaux, the duchy's administrative and commercial center, that same year, killing an estimated third of the population and collapsing local trade networks.

The Dyroselles féodales gap in the reference suggests this type remains poorly documented in the major French feudal series — the Spink attribution without a Dy cross-reference points to a scarce provincial emission with limited surviving examples from which a firm typological sequence has been established.