Groat 'with Lions' - William II of Avesnes

Historical Context: This Groat 'with Lions' was issued by William II of Avesnes, Count of Hainaut (as William II), Holland, and Zeeland (as William IV), during the years 1344-1345. His reign, concluding with his death in battle in Friesland in 1345, was marked by significant political maneuvering amidst the burgeoning Hundred Years' War. As a powerful feudal lord with diverse territories, William II's coinage played a vital role in facilitating trade and asserting his sovereignty. The groat, mirroring the French Gros Tournois, was a critical denomination for regional commerce, reflecting the economic stability and influence he sought to project despite the turbulent era.

Artistry: The design of this groat adheres to the prevailing Franco-Flemish numismatic tradition of the mid-14th century. While specific engravers remain anonymous, the mint workshop would have produced dies reflecting the established Gothic style. The 'with Lions' designation strongly suggests a prominent display of heraldic lions, likely either within the quadrants of a central cross or flanking a shield, symbolizing the Count's armorial bearings. The overall artistic execution would prioritize legibility of the legends and clarity of the central devices, even on a small flan, ensuring the coin's identity and value were readily apparent to its users.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver and weighing 2.4 grams, this groat exhibits typical characteristics of medieval hammered coinage. High-points for wear and strike quality would include the raised details of the lions' features (manes, claws), any elements of a crown or effigy, and the arms of the cross. Technical strike qualities often vary; one might observe some weakness or flatness in areas, particularly at the edges or opposite the highest relief points, due to the manual striking process. Centering can also be inconsistent, and the flan shape is frequently irregular. However, the consistent weight indicates careful adherence to the established monetary standard for intrinsic value.