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Grave - Fernando I Porto mint
| Issuer | Portugal |
|---|---|
| Year | 1370-1383 |
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| Value | Log in to see details |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 2.0 g |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | + SI : DnIS : / MICII : AI : / TO : |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Latin (uncial) |
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| Additional information |
Fernando I's reign was defined almost entirely by war — three separate conflicts with Castile between 1369 and 1382 — and the monetary output of the Porto mint during this period reflects the fiscal strain those campaigns imposed. Billon coinage was progressively debased across the reign as silver supplies tightened, and the Grave was among the denominations most affected by successive reductions in fineness.
The Porto attribution on this type is confirmed by Gomes, who distinguishes it from Lisbon-struck Graves through subtle die characteristics.