Goldgulden

The 1621 date places this issue squarely at the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War, a conflict that immediately disrupted trade networks across the Holy Roman Empire and made the free circulation of reliable gold coinage both politically fraught and commercially vital. Zürich, as a Reformed city-state with economic ties running north into the Rhineland, had strong incentive to maintain a credible gold currency at exactly this moment.

Freeberg's reference Fr#431 covers a relatively tight series, and survivors in better condition are infrequent — not because mintages were low by intent, but because goldgulden of this type moved through merchant hands and across borders rather than sitting in domestic hoards.