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Gold Hardi - Edward of Woodstock
| Issuer | Duchy of Aquitaine |
|---|---|
| Year | 1368-1372 |
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| Value | Log in to see details |
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| Composition | Gold |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Mintage | ND (1368-1372) B - - ND (1368-1372) L - - ND (1368-1372) P - - ND (1368-1372) R - - |
| Additional information |
The hardi — also spelled "hardye" — was Edward of Woodstock's primary gold denomination for Aquitaine, issued after Edward III formally ceded the duchy to him in 1337, though large-scale production accelerated following the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360, when English territorial control in southwestern France reached its greatest extent. Edward governed from Bordeaux with genuine princely ambition, but the costs of the Castilian campaign and the ongoing Hundred Years' War strained Gascon finances badly. His hearth tax of 1368, the fouage, triggered a revolt that ultimately led to French reassertion of suzerainty and the collapse of English Aquitaine within his lifetime.