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Gold Denier - Henry II as emperor; Verona

Issuer Kingdom of Italy (Carolingian States)
Year 1014-1024
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Orientation Variable alignment ↺
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Reverse lettering IIERΛOI
Edge Plain
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Additional information

Henry II was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome in February 1014, and the Verona mint — one of the most productive in northern Italy under Carolingian and post-Carolingian administration — marked that elevation almost immediately with gold issues acknowledging his imperial dignity. The CNI VI #1 designation places this at the head of the Veronese sequence, which is exactly where you'd expect a coronation-year type to sit.

Gold deniers from this reign and mint are exceptionally rare survivors. Henry's Italian campaigns were expensive and disruptive, and the monetary economy of the regnum Italiae relied far more heavily on silver for everyday exchange — gold output at Verona was never high volume.

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