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Gold Denier - Henry II as emperor; Verona
| Issuer | Kingdom of Italy (Carolingian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1014-1024 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse lettering | IIERΛOI |
| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Henry II was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome in February 1014, and the Verona mint — one of the most productive in northern Italy under Carolingian and post-Carolingian administration — marked that elevation almost immediately with gold issues acknowledging his imperial dignity. The CNI VI #1 designation places this at the head of the Veronese sequence, which is exactly where you'd expect a coronation-year type to sit.
Gold deniers from this reign and mint are exceptionally rare survivors. Henry's Italian campaigns were expensive and disruptive, and the monetary economy of the regnum Italiae relied far more heavily on silver for everyday exchange — gold output at Verona was never high volume.