`Giuramento` - Francesco II

Francesco II took the oath as Duke of Milan in 1792 under circumstances already strained by revolutionary France — the Giuramento coinage was struck specifically to commemorate that oath, a practice rooted in Milanese ducal tradition rather than any standing monetary obligation. He would hold the title barely two years before French forces under Napoleon ended Habsburg rule in Lombardy in 1796, making this issue a snapshot of a political order on its last legs. MIR MI#469 is not a common type despite its seemingly modest occasion.