Genovino Type 3

Historical Context: The Genovino Type 3, minted by the Republic of Genoa (1305-1339), represents a golden age for the maritime power. Governed by Doges and councils, Genoa was a commercial giant, though often internally divided. This era solidified the Genovino's status as a premier international currency, rivaling the Florentine Florin and Venetian Ducat. Its consistent .999 gold fineness was paramount to its widespread acceptance, underpinning Genoa's vast Mediterranean trading network.

Artistry: Engravers for medieval coinage are typically anonymous; the Genovino Type 3 adheres to the late medieval Italian stylistic school, prioritizing symbolic clarity. The obverse prominently features the iconic Gate of Genoa, often interpreted as the Porta Superana, encircled by the legend "IANUA." The reverse displays the Cross of St. George, Genoa's patron saint, accompanied by "CONRADUS REX," a traditional acknowledgment of Imperial suzerainty. Minor variations in the gate's depiction or legend punctuation distinguish this type.

Technical/Grading: Struck from nearly pure .999 gold, weighing 3.5 grams and measuring 20 millimeters, the Genovino Type 3 reflects high metallurgical standards. Key high-points susceptible to wear include the intricate details of the gate on the obverse and the central elements of the cross on the reverse. Manual striking methods often result in slight off-center strikes, minor weakness in peripheral legends, or occasional planchet irregularities. Well-preserved specimens retain sharp details on both primary devices and legible legends.