Iravan — modern Yerevan — was a contested frontier city, passing between Safavid Persia and Ottoman Turkey repeatedly across the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Anonymous copper fulus of this type were struck for local commercial use during periods when central authority was too unstable to guarantee a consistent silver supply to the region. The 1133 AH date places this piece squarely in the turbulent aftermath of the Ottoman invasion of the Caucasus that began in 1722, when Persian administrative control over the city was collapsing.
Album 3236 covers a loosely attributed series; the Iravan attribution rests primarily on find context and hoard evidence rather than explicit mint naming on the flan.
Iravan — modern Yerevan — was a contested frontier city, passing between Safavid Persia and Ottoman Turkey repeatedly across the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Anonymous copper fulus of this type were struck for local commercial use during periods when central authority was too unstable to guarantee a consistent silver supply to the region. The 1133 AH date places this piece squarely in the turbulent aftermath of the Ottoman invasion of the Caucasus that began in 1722, when Persian administrative control over the city was collapsing.
Album 3236 covers a loosely attributed series; the Iravan attribution rests primarily on find context and hoard evidence rather than explicit mint naming on the flan.