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Fractional dirham - temp. Mangu Timur Bulghar mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1280-1310 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1/2 Dirham (7⁄20) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Crude hammered silver flan bearing a stylized tamgha (dynastic emblem) of the Jochid line rendered in high relief at the center of the field, surrounded by radiating lines or sun-like projections forming a distinctive solar motif. The design is executed in a rough, provincial style characteristic of Bulghar fractional issues, with the symbolic device occupying the majority of the flat, irregularly shaped flan. The field shows no legible inscriptions, the entire surface given over to the heraldic emblem. Flan is chipped and irregular, consistent with the small denomination and local minting practice of the period. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Multi-line Arabic inscription occupying the central field of the irregular hammered flan, reading downward in three or more lines, with the mint name of Bulghar indicated therein. The lettering is executed in a cursive, somewhat provincial Arabic hand typical of Jochid peripheral mints of the late 13th to early 14th century. Dotted border or pellet ring partially visible around the inscription field. The flan edge is chipped and uneven, with portions of the legend lost at the breaks. The overall execution is functional rather than artistic, consistent with a small fractional denomination struck for local circulation. |
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| Additional information |
Mangu Timur, who ruled the Golden Horde from 1267 to 1280, was the first khan of that polity to strike coins in his own name rather than continuing the fiction of Mongol imperial unity by issuing in the name of the Great Khan. The Bulghar mint on the upper Volga was among the most active in the western steppe monetary system, feeding silver into trade networks that stretched from the Baltic amber routes down through the fur markets of the north.
The fractional weight suggests use in small-denomination exchange rather than bulk silver accounting. The date range extending past Mangu Timur's death reflects continued posthumous or stylistically conservative striking under his successors.