Fractional Dirham - Mu'izz al-Dawla Mundir II

Mundir II ruled the Taifa of Zaragoza for less than a decade before his brother Ahmad ibn Sulayman al-Muqtadir displaced him, ending what had been a politically fractured succession within the Banu Hud dynasty. These small copper fractionals circulated in a region where silver dirham production was increasingly strained — the post-Caliphate taifa fragmentation had severed access to the reliable bullion networks that sustained Umayyad-era coinage, forcing petty rulers to fill the gap with base-metal issues for local exchange.

A#420.1 attributions within this series are complicated by die sharing and weight inconsistency across known specimens.