Follis - Bohemond I St. Peter

Issuer Antioch, Principality of
Year 1098-1104
Type Standard circulation coin
Value 1 Follis (1⁄228)
Currency Denier (1098-1268)
Composition Copper
Weight 3.5 g
Diameter 22 mm
Thickness
Shape Round (irregular)
Technique Hammered
Orientation
Engraver(s)
In circulation to
Reference(s) Metcalf1#47 , MAL#1
Obverse description Facing nimbate bust of Saint Peter holding long cross in left hand, right hand raised in blessing. Lettering vertically in field left and right
Obverse script Greek
Obverse lettering OΠƐ TPOC
Reverse description Cross with floriate base and pellet at other three tips, lettering in corners
Reverse script Greek
Reverse lettering BH MT
(Translation: Bohemond)
Edge
Mint
Mintage ND (1098-1104) - -
Numisquare ID 1010107250
Additional information

Historical Context: The Follis of Bohemond I, Prince of Antioch (1098-1104), marks the earliest coinage of the first Crusader state. Bohemond, a pivotal Norman leader, established the Principality after capturing Antioch in 1098. This copper follis provided economic stability and symbolized his new Western Christian authority. Its explicit association with St. Peter, Antioch's patron saint, underscored the principality's religious legitimacy and connection to papal authority in conquered territories.

Artistry: This "St. Peter" follis displays a provincial yet purposeful artistic style, characteristic of early Crusader coinage. Engravers are unknown; the design adapts Byzantine numismatic traditions with a direct, less refined aesthetic. The obverse features a facing bust of St. Peter, often holding a cross or keys, clearly communicating a strong religious message. The reverse typically shows a cross or an inscription, solidifying the Christian identity and sovereignty of the Principality of Antioch under Bohemond.

Technical/Grading: Struck in copper, approximately 3.5 grams and 22 millimeters, this follis reflects inherent production challenges. High-points for evaluation include St. Peter's facial details (nose, forehead) and attributes on the obverse, and central elements of the cross or lettering on the reverse. Technical strike qualities are often inconsistent; expect irregular flans, off-center strikes, and uneven pressure, resulting in areas of weakness. The overall fabric is typically coarse, indicative of nascent minting operations.

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