Follaro - Ruggero II Stella 6 punte

Historical Context: This copper follaro, dated 1145-1146, originates from the Kingdom of Sicily under Ruggero II (Roger II), its first crowned king. This period represents the zenith of Norman rule, marked by a sophisticated administration and a vibrant, multicultural society encompassing Latin, Greek, and Arabic influences. The follaro served as a vital low-denomination currency, facilitating daily commerce within Roger's consolidated realm, stretching across Sicily and Southern Italy, underscoring the kingdom's burgeoning economic activity.

Artistry: The specific engraver of this follaro is not recorded, typical for common issues of this era. The stylistic execution reflects the syncretic artistic environment of Norman Sicily. While exhibiting a somewhat crude, utilitarian aesthetic common to copper coinage, the design elements, particularly the prominent six-pointed star (Stella 6 punte), likely draw upon a blend of Byzantine geometric traditions and perhaps Islamic decorative motifs prevalent in the region. Mint production centers such as Palermo or Messina would have employed local artisans, whose work often prioritized legibility over intricate detail.

Technical/Grading: For this type (Spahr1#79), a premium is placed on a strong, centered strike that fully renders the central six-pointed star and preserves the often-abbreviated Latin legends (e.g., RVGGERIVS REX). Due to the small module (15mm) and copper composition, issues with planchet irregularities, weak strikes, and environmental damage (corrosion, pitting) are common. Coins exhibiting minimal wear, clear devices, and legible inscriptions, especially the surrounding legends, are considered exceptional. A well-preserved flan free from significant surface degradation significantly enhances grade.