Falus - Mahmud Shaw

Mahmud Shah I ruled Jaunpur at the sultanate's political peak, presiding over a court that had become the dominant rival to the Delhi Sultanate in northern India. His reign saw repeated military confrontations with Bahlul Lodi, and copper falus from this period circulated through a region frequently disrupted by those campaigns. Jaunpur's mint output under Mahmud remains poorly documented compared to his silver issues, making attribution of individual copper pieces genuinely difficult — die studies are still incomplete.